What is ILR and how do I apply for it?

Indefinite Leave to Remain (ILR) is permanent residency in the UK. It allows you to live and work in the UK without immigration restrictions. Requirements typically include: having lived in the UK for a continuous qualifying period (usually 5 years on a qualifying visa), passing the Life in the UK test, meeting English language requirements (usually B1 level CEFR), not having spent more than 180 days outside the UK in any 12-month period, and having no serious criminal convictions. The application fee is significant (over £2,000). You apply online and attend a biometric appointment. Once granted, ILR does not expire but can be lost if you spend more than 2 continuous years outside the UK. After holding ILR for 12 months, you can apply for British citizenship. The Life in the UK test covers British history, government, culture, and everyday life — study guides and practice tests are available online and in bookshops.